This thesis will present an analysis of the UN peacekeeping framework and the UN Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) and the UN Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) to establish how the conflict in El Salvador and Guatemala determined ONUSAL’s and MINUGUA’s missions and how these deviate from the UN peacekeeping framework. However, the UN’s peacekeeping framework is often violated to address complex threats to international peace. Canada’s UN representative, Lester Pearson Bowles, proposed instituting peacekeeping missions to address this handicap and Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold established a peacekeeping framework, which included: agreement from the Security Council, agreement by parties involved, readiness of UN members to support mission, and the existence of a peace agreement. However, Article 43 never went into effect, leaving the UN without an alternative to diplomatic solutions. United Nations (UN) Charter Article 42 authorizes the Security Council to take military action by air, sea or land if non-armed solutions fail to restore international peace and Article 43 states that UN members will keep troops and equipment available for the use of the Security Council. It then focuses on a number of recurring themes: cycles of de- and re-militarization of the policing function the “security gap” and “democratization dilemmas” involved in structural reforms the opportunities offered by decentralization for more community-oriented police and police capacity to resist reform and undermine accountability mechanisms. The chapter examines first the long history of international involvement in police and security sector reform in order to identify long-run tropes and path dependencies. The other is Central America and the Andean region (principally El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, and Colombia), which emerged/have been emerging from armed conflict since the mid- 1990s. One is Brazil and the Southern Cone countries (Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay), which made the transition to democracy from prolonged military authoritarian rule in the mid- to late 1980s. It focuses on two clusters of countries in Latin America. She has also been a guest lecturer at Johnson & Wales University in North Miami.This book chapter highlights a number of lessons suggested by various efforts to reform the police in Latin America over the period 1995-2010. Gamliel taught holistic medicine courses at Everglades University in Boca Raton, Florida where she was a Professor of Alternative Medicine. Because education and prevention are paramount to achieving this goal, Dr. Gamliel’s passion and focus is on helping people to heal themselves. She has been a holistic health care provider for over 19 years.ĭr. Gamliel did an acupuncture internship in Chengdu, China and subsequently pioneered bringing acupuncture on board cruise ships. Prior to establishing her private practice in south Florida, Dr. She holds specialty certifications in treating addictions with acupuncture as well as in vitamin and homeopathic injection therapy. She is a licensed Acupuncture Physician/Primary Care Provider and been featured on Channel 10, Univision Channel 23, and Channel 6, eHOW and on numerous radio and internet interviews as an expert in her field. Show LessĪhuva Gamliel earned a Naturopathic Doctor degree and a Master’s in Acupuncture from Bastyr University, a world renowned school for evidence-based natural medicine. It can help the healing process and decrease side-effects from prescription drugs and medical procedures. We also offer Herbal Ear seeds for weight loss and needleless acupuncture.Īcupuncture and Oriental Medicine can be used in conjunction with conventional medicine as integrated medicine and does not interfere with other therapies. Vitamin and homeopathic injections into trigger points may be used to treat pain and inflammation. Suction cupping is utilized to release muscle tension and toxins. We can treat multiple issues in the same session and packages are available. The private sessions are individually tailored to your specific health care needs and goals. In the Group Session our treatments are tailored to promote circulation, boost the immune system, improve health and vitality, reduce pain, eliminate headaches and clear sinus congestion, decrease stress and anxiety, improve energy, sleep and mood, and also improve memory, focus and concentration. Community Acupuncture can take place at our office or at your office (See Corporate Wellness Programs). We offer both Group and Private sessions.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |